kudebook.cc 
闅忕潃3999鍐伴洩濂囩紭鐨勮瘎嫺嬪叕甯冿紝it緗戠珯璁哄潧涓婏紝欏挎椂鐑椆涓€鐗囥€
鈥滄垜灝辯煡閬擄紝浠庢潵閮界敤te鐨勭壒鏂媺錛岀粷瀵逛笉浼氭棤緙樻棤鏁呯殑鐢ㄦ瘨榫欙紒鈥
鈥滄垜鏄湪鐗規柉鎷夋壂璐y墠璐繘鐨勪竴鍧楁瘨榫00錛屽氨綆楁姏寮€鏁g儹鍣1殑緙樻晠錛屼負鍟ョ數鍘2閮界偣涓嶄寒錛熲€
鈥滄ゼ涓婃病鐪嬬壒鏂媺涓婚〉鍚楋紵浜哄宸茬粡鍏竷鏂規硶浜嗭紝紲炲鐨刪b閾呯瑪妗ユ帴錛佷篃涓嶇煡閬撶壒鏂媺閭e府浜虹殑鑴戣鏄€庝箞闀跨殑銆傗€
鈥滅煡閬撲簡鏂規硶鏈変粈涔堢敤錛熷競鍦轟笂榪炰竴鍧楁暎璐ч兘鐪嬩笉鍒般€傗€
鈥滄湁鏁h揣涔熶笉涔幫紝涓€閿秴棰戝浜庢垜榪欐牱鐪嬪埌boi灝卞ご鐤礆紝鐪嬭璺崇嚎灝辮糠鑼殑闂ㄥ奼夋潵璇達紝綆€鐩村お閫傚悎浜嗭紒鈥
鈥滄垜涔熷湪絳夌潃鍐伴洩濂囩紭鐨勪笂甯傦紝姣掗緳紼衝畾鍦g錛岃繖鏍000鍏冪駭鐨勫緹庡競鍦轟笂鍏崈鍏冪駭鍒殑鍝佺墝鏈猴紝涓嶄拱鎵嶆槸鍌誨瓙銆傗€
鈥滄ゼ涓婄殑錛岃浣犳妸榪欎釜涓夊崈鍏冪駭鐨勫姞涓竴鍧楅挶璇曡瘯鈥︹€鈥
鈥︹€︹€
鎶涘紑緗戠粶涓婄殑鍠ч椆錛屾鏃跺凡緇忓崕鐏垵涓婏紝姝囦笟鍚庣殑涓搗甯傚満閲岄潰涓€鐗囧瘋闈欙紝涓€鐐逛篃鐪嬩笉鍑虹櫧澶╃殑綣佸崕銆
鍜屾枃璐炴枃鏍稿瀹屽叕鍙铬殑璐1姟鐘跺喌錛岃檔瀹嬫墠杞誨懠涓€鍙f皵錛岃剼姝ヨ贰鏉劇殑鍚戠壒鏂媺鎬繪煖璧板幓銆
濡備粖鐨勭壒鏂媺鎬繪煖鍔炲叕鍖猴紝宸茬粡鍙樻垚浜嗙綉絝欒繍緇村鍜屽鏈嶉儴銆
鏉庨儊鎶婅綰誇粠鐢佃剳灞忓箷涓婄寮€錛岃贰杞葷殑鎻変簡鎻夌溂鐫涳紝鎷宫搗涓€鏈綆楁満鑻辮鏌ヤ簡璧鋒潵銆
鈥滄潕閮侊紒鈥
鏉庨儊鍥炲ご鐪嬭璧靛畫錛岃繛蹇欑珯璧瘋韓鏉ワ紝鈥滆€佹澘銆傗€
鈥滆繕娌′笅鐝紵鈥濊檔瀹嬭矊浼煎叧蹇冪殑闂亾銆
鏉庨儊涓嶅ソ鎰忔€濈殑璇撮亾錛氣€滀笅鐝簡錛屾湁鐐歸棶棰樻病寮勬槑鐧斤紝璺熷伐浣滄棤鍏熾€傗€
璧靛畫鐐圭偣澶達紝鎺ョ潃闂亾錛氣€滀粖澶╃綉絝欑殑嫺侀噺鎬庝箞鏍鳳紵鈥
鈥涓囧浜嗭紝澧為€熼潪甯告槑鏄俱€傗€
鈥滈偅灝卞ソ錛佲€濆啀娌′粈涔堝彲鑱婄殑錛岃檔瀹嬪氨閫掔粰鏉庨儊涓€涓祫鏂欒錛屸€滀綘鐨勪寒閮芥満姊板闄4綆楁満緋葷殑濮斿煿鎵嬬畫錛岃紼嬭〃閮藉湪閲岄潰錛岃寰椾節鏈堜竴鍙峯紑瀛椂錛屽幓鍜岀彮涓諱換瑙佷釜闈€傗€
鏉庨儊鎺ヨ繃璧勬枡琚嬶紝蹇嶄綇嬋€鍔1殑蹇冩儏鎰熸縺鍦拌閬擄細鈥滆阿璋綘鑰佹澘錛屾垜涓€瀹氫細濂藉ソ瀛︿範鐨勶紒鈥
璧靛畫鎷嶆媿浠栫殑鑲╄唨錛屸€滈偅灝卞姞娌瑰惂銆傗€濊瀹岋紝鎵簡涓€鐪兼潕閮佺殑鐢佃剳灞忓箷錛岃漿韜氨瑕佽蛋銆
蹇界劧錛岃檔瀹嬮浣忎簡錛
杞繃澶寸洴鐫€灞忓箷錛屽湪鐨辯潃鐪夊ご鐪嬬潃鏉庨儊錛岄棶閬擄細鈥滈檲鐩堣豹錛焎ih浣犱負浠€涔堢湅榪欎釜錛熶綘瀵硅綆楁満鐥呮瘨鎰熷叴瓚o紵鈥
寮咕涔嬪厜鏈夊緢澶氱錛屽鏋滆鍒拌窡鐥呮瘨鐩稿叧鐨勶紝寰堝鏄撹仈鎯衝埌瓚嬪娍縐戞妧鐨勯槻姣掕蔣浣撱€備絾鏄湪 1999 騫存椂錛屾湁涓€浣嶅彴婀捐祫璁伐紼嬬郴鐨勫鐢熼檲鐩堣豹錛屼負浜嗘埑鐮寸櫨鍒嗕箣鐧鵑槻姣掔殑涓嶅疄騫垮憡錛岃€屽啓鍑轟簡涓€嬈劇數鑴戠棶姣掞紝鑳藉韜查伩闃叉瘨杞綋鐨勪睛嫺嬶紝鏈€緇堟劅鏌撲簡鍏1悆鏁扮櫨涓囧彴鐢佃剳錛屼及璁€犳垚鍟嗕笟鎹熷け楂樿揪浜跨編鍏冦€
榪欏彧涓庝綔鑰呭悓鍚嶇殑 cih 錛坈heau 錛夌棶姣掞紝鎰熸煋鍚庝笉浼氱珛鍗衝彂浣滐紝鑰屾槸琚瀹氬湪 4 鏈堟棩鎵嶄細鍚姩錛屾濂戒笌杞﹁姣旀牳鐢靛巶浜嬫晠鍚屼竴澶╋紝鍥犳涔熻縐頒負杞﹁姣旂棶姣掋€
濡傛灉鏉庨儊鏁4鍑烘劅鍏磋叮錛岃檔瀹嬩細姣笉鐘硅鮑鐨勬妸閭d釜璧勬枡琚嬫敹鍥炴潵錛岀劧鍚庢妸鎵€鏈夐拡瀵規潕閮佺殑鍚庣畫鎵嬫鍑嗗濂斤紝浠栦笉浼氭妸榪欎釜瀹氭椂鐐稿脊鐣欏湪鐗規柉鎷変簡錛
鏉庨儊鐪嬬潃璧靛畫鐨勮〃鎯咃紝榪炲繖鎽囧ご閬擄細鈥滄病鏈夛紝娌c湁錛屾垜瀵規潃姣掓尯鎰熷叴瓚g殑錛屾垜瑙夊緱鎴戝啓鐨勪笓鏉€搴旇姣斾粬鍐欑殑鏁堟灉濂戒竴鐐廣€傗€
璧靛畫鐪肩潧涓€浜紝鈥滄潃姣掞紵鈥
鏉庨儊鐐圭偣澶達紝鍔涘害寰堝ぇ銆
璧靛畫鎯充簡涓€涓嬶紝鎵嶈閬擄細鈥滀粬鏄ソ蹇冨姙鍧忎簨錛岃櫧鐒跺叏鐞冩崯澶煞簡鍗佷嚎緹庨噾錛屼絾鏄粬鏈漢騫舵病鏈変粈涔堜簨鎯咃紝濡傛灉瑕佹槸鍧忓績鍔炲潖浜嬪憿錛熲€
鐪嬬潃鏉庨儊鑻ユ湁鎵€鎬濇鏍鳳紝璧靛畫鎺ョ潃璇撮亾錛氣€滆繖縐嶅彉縐嶇棶姣掞紝鏈夋椂鍊欒繛浣滆€呭湪鍙戝竷鍒扮綉緇滀笂涔嬪墠錛岄兘涓嶄細鐭ラ亾鏈変粈涔堢牬鍧忓姏錛屾墍浠ュ湪鍋氱搴忓憳鐨勫悓鏃訛紝澶y閮藉簲璇ラ粯璁ょ殑閬靛畧涓€浜涜涓氱殑搴曠嚎銆傗€
璇村畬澶ч亾鐞嗭紝璧靛畫綆楁槸鏀捐繃浜嗘潕閮侊紝浠栦粩緇嗙湅鐫€灞忓箷涓奵ih鐨勪粙緇嶏紝鎱2參鍦板洖鎯寵搗鏉ワ紝涓婅緢瀛愶紝2001騫村張鏄痗ih澶x垎鍙戠殑涓€騫達紝榪欎竴鍥烇紝縐嶈姳瀹舵崯澶辨儴閲嶏紒
鈥滄潕閮侊紝涓撴潃瀵規湭鏉ョ殑cih鍙樼鏈夌敤鍚楋紵鈥
鏉庨儊浠旂粏鎬濊€冧簡涓€鐣紝鎵嶈閬擄細鈥滀笉鍙兘鍏ㄩ儴鏈夌敤錛屾湁浜涘彉縐嶅彲鑳借棌鐫€鍏跺畠涓滆タ銆傗€
鈥滈偅浣犲氨鍋氫釜灝忎笢瑗垮嚭鏉ワ紒鈥濊檔瀹嬫柀閽夋埅閾佺殑璇撮亾錛屸€滃湪鏄庡步4鏈6鏃ョ殑鏃跺€欙紝鍑c槸涓嬭澆榪欎釜杞歡鐨勭數鑴戱紝閮戒細鑷姩鎶婄郴緇熸椂闂磋皟鏁村埌23鏃ワ紝鐩鎬俊3澶╂椂闂達紝瓚衝閭d簺鏉€姣掑叕鍙稿嚭涓撴潃浜嗗惂錛熲€
鈥滈偅寰楁妸boi鏃墮挓涓€璧鋒敼鍐欙紒鈥濇潕閮佹兂浜嗘兂錛屾帴鐫€璇撮亾錛氣€滀袱澶╁氨鑳藉畬鎴愶紒鈥
鈥滃ソ錛佸啓瀹屼簡錛屼互鐗規柉鎷夎ˉ涓佺殑鍚嶄箟錛屽彂鍒板畼緗戜笂銆傗€
鈥滄槑鐧戒簡錛佲€
鈥︹€︹€
紱誨紑浜嗗鏉€姣掓劅鍏磋叮鐨勬潕閮侊紝璧靛畫鎮勬倓鐨勬潵鍒頒簡涓搗浠撳簱鍖猴紝閭i噷錛屽畫鍐犱箟鍜屽惔闂昏繍姝e甫棰嗙潃鍛樺伐杈涜嫤鐨勪笂璐c€
璧靛畫騫舵病鏈変笂鍘繪墦鎵幫紝濡備粖浠栫殑韜喚鍦ㄥ緢澶氬憳宸ョ湅鏉ワ紝娓愭笎鍦版湁浜嗗彉鍖栵紝灝辯畻浠栫殑蹇冩€佹病鏈夎皟鏁磋繃鏉ワ紝涔熶笉浼氬啀鍘誨仛涓€浜涚笉鍚堟椂瀹滅殑浜嬫儏浜嗐€
璧靛畫娌c湁浠諱綍涓懼姩錛屽彧鏄偣涓婁竴鏍圭儫錛岄粯榛樼殑鐪嬬潃錛屽績閲屽嵈鍦ㄦ兂鐫€鍏朵粬浜嬫儏銆
涔扮數鑴戞湁浠€涔堢敤錛熷鏋滃啀鍘誨步鏆戞湡闂竴闂秷璐硅€咃紝鍥炵瓟鏄€滀笂緗戔€濈殑姣斾緥緇濆娌c湁鍑犲步鏉ュ緱楂樸€傛瘚搴铬疆鐤戱紝闅忕潃鍥藉淇c伅楂橀€熷叕璺垬鐣ョ殑鍙戝睍錛屾瀬澶t績榪涚簡c甯傚満鐨勬垚闀苦€
椋庨鐏伀鐨剗c錛堜簰鑱旂綉鍐呭渚涘簲鍟嗭級鎺€璧風殑涓€嫺珮榪囦竴嫺殑瀹d紶鏀誨娍錛宨錛堢綉緇滄帴鍏ユ湇鍔″晢錛夌u涓湁闄嶇殑浠鋒牸錛屼互鍙婃棤鏁板壋涓氱璇濄€乮t浠庝笟浜哄憳浠や漢緹c厱鐨勯叕閲戝洖鎶ワ紝閮藉湪鍛婅瘔浜轟华榪欐牱涓€涓亾鐞嗭細涓嶆噦浜掕仈緗戱紝涓嶄細鎿嶄綔鐢佃剳錛屽皢鏃犳硶鍦ㄤ俊鎭椂浠g敚瀛樸€
浣犺兘瀵瑰懆鍥存湅鍙嬫暣澶╄皥鐨勭伀鐑殑緗戠粶璇濋鍏呰€充笉闂諱箞錛屼綘鑳藉濡傜伀濡傝嵓鐨勫獟浣撳浼犺鑰屼笉瑙佷箞錛熶笉鑳斤紒鍥犳錛屼拱鐢佃剳涓婄綉鍘夥紒
鏃犺澶氭湁鍚嶇殑璋冩煡鏈烘瀯閮芥兂涓嶅埌錛岃繘鍏ユ柊涓栫邯浠ユ潵錛岀鑺卞鐨㓨c甯傚満浼氱垎鍒頒粈涔堢搴︺€
璧靛畫鐭ラ亾錛
涔濇湀錛屾墠鍒氬垰寮€濮嬪憿錛
鈥︹€︹€
鍚屼竴鏃墮棿錛岃繙鍦ㄩ奼熶竴搴ф懇澶╁ぇ妤简噷銆
涓滄柟鍋ヨ繀閫熺殑鏁察嚮閿洏錛屾妸璧勬枡濉啓濂藉悗錛屾墠鐢ㄩ紶鏍囩偣鍑諱簡鍙戦€侀敭銆
鐒跺悗涓滄柟鍋ユ姳璧瘋孺′釜浜虹敤鍝佺殑綰铬瀛愶紝鎯抽棬澶栬蛋鍘匯€
鈥滅壒鏂媺錛岄摥絳戱紝甯屾湜浣犱华鑳藉枩嬈4繖浠借闈3ぜ鐗╋紒鈥
鈥︹€︹€
涔濇湀涓€鏃ワ紝鏄紑瀛殑鏃ュ瓙錛岃檔瀹嬪凡緇忓悜閮富浠繪彁鍓嶈鍋囥€
涔濇湀涓€鏃ワ紝鏄檰紱葷寮€鐨勬棩瀛愶紝閭eぉ鏅氫笂濡傛灉鏈夌┖錛岃檔瀹嬩細浜茶嚜閫佷竴涓嬭繖涓府浜嗕粬寰堝鐨勫崕娓呭闇搞€
涔濇湀涓€鏃ワ紝鏄壒鏂媺鍐伴洩濂囩紭涓婂競鐨勬棩瀛愶紝涓轟簡榪欎竴澶╋紝璧靛畫鍋氫簡寰堝鍑嗗銆
紱諱節鏈堜竴鏃ヨ繕鏈夊洓澶╋紝浣嗘槸瓚婃潵瓚婂鐨勭洰鍏変粠鍥溳潰鍏柟浼犳潵錛岀洴浣忎簡榪欎釜騫磋贰鐨勫搧鐗岋紝鐩綇浜嗚繖涓步杞葷殑浜恆€
鍥犱負閭d釜鍦ㄤ腑嫺蜂粠娌c帀榪囬摼瀛愶紝鍋氬嚭od錛屽敱鍑轟簡姝屽敱紲栧浗錛屽湪涓栫晫絎竴鐨勪綅緗笂鎸傝搗浜嗕簲鏄熺孩鏃楃殑騫磋贰浜猴紝榪樺湪涓搗錛
榪樻槸涓搗璧靛畫錛
絎簲鍗鳳紙鏃犲悕錛夊畬錛
鐜伴噾錛11涓
